James Gurney majored in archaeology at University of California–Berkeley, and then studied painting at the Art Center College of Design in Pasadina, California. He outlines his process for achieving realism:
"My picture-making process begins with small thumbnail sketches, sometimes dozens. If it’s an architectural subject or a dinosaur, I’ll often build a little miniature or maquette. If necessary, I also enlist models to pose in costume, usually casting friends or neighbors. I then take photos or do tone paper sketches of these models. If the painting requires scientific or historical accuracy, I consult with experts. For example, the fire equipment spread was a collaboration with a professional fire engine designer, who not only helped me work out the pump mechanics and armor design, but posed for the fire chief. With all the references in place, I work up the line drawing and begin the actual painting in oil. Most paintings take from three days to a week, but the elaborate paintings can take up to a month. Each Dinotopia book takes about two and a half years to research, write, and illustrate."